Jet Fuel A-1

Powering the Aviation Jet Engines

Aviation turbine fuels (ATF), more widely known as jet fuel, are fuels used to power aircraft with gas turbine engines, such as military jet aircraft and civilian passenger aircraft. ATF is produced from crude oil by fractional distillation; it consists of highly refined kerosene.

The most commonly used ATF aviation turbine fuels in commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced according to standardized international specifications.

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Jet Fuel A-1
Jet fuel (Jet A-1 Type Aviation Fuel) is used globally in the turbine engines (jet engines, turboprops) in civil aviation. This is a carefully refined, light petroleum. The fuel type is kerosene.

After refining, aviation fuel is mixed with extremely small amounts of several additives. Among other things, these additives prevemt the fuel igniting in an uncontrolled manner, stop deposits from forming in the turbine, or the aviation fuel becoming electrically charged. There are also additives that prevent the growth of organisms in aviation fuel. Certain other additives ensure that the jet fuel does not freeze.

Due to the very high demands of aircraft engines on jet fuel, this fuel is subject to very comprehensive, internationally standardized quality specifications.
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Jet Fuel A-1 Standard Specifications, According ASTM D1655-2022

Chemical Identication	Data
CAS Registry Number®	64742-81-0
CAS Name	Kerosine (petroleum), hydrodesulfurized
Common Name	Jet A-1
UN Number	1863

Apperance	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Vissual Appearance	―	Clear and Bright	Visual Inspection	Clear, bright and visually free from solid matter
Saybolt Color	Number	Report	ASTM D156-23	30
Particulate Contamination	mg/l	≤ 1.0	ASTM D5452-20	0.24

Composition	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Total Acid	mgKOH/g	≤ 0.10	ASTM D3242-11(2017)	0.02
Total Aromatics	% v/v	8.4 to 26.5	ASTM D6379-21e1	11.8
Naphtalenes	Vol. %	≤ 3	ASTM D1840-22	≤ 2.9
Mercaptan Sulfur	wt.%	≤ 0.003	ASTM D3227-16	<0.0003
Total Sulfur	wt.%	≤ 0.3	ASTM D5453-24	0.0004

Volatility	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Initial Boiling Point	°C	Report	ASTM D86-23ae2	152.2
10% Recovery	°C	Max 205	ASTM D86-23ae2	165.8
50% Recovery	°C	Report	ASTM D86-23ae2	189.0
90% Recovery	°C	Report	ASTM D86-23ae2	230.6
Final Boiling Point	°C	≤ 300	ASTM D86-23ae2	248.3
Residue	% v/v	≤ 1.5	ASTM D86-23ae2	1.3
Loss	% v/v	≤ 1.5	ASTM D86-23ae2	0.8
Flash Point	°C	≥ 38	ASTM D93-20	43.0

Fluidity	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Viscosity @ -20 °C	mm²/s	8.000 Max	ASTM D445-21e1	3.397
Gravity	API	37-51	ASTM D4052-22	49
Density @ 15 °C	kg/m³	775.0 to 840.0	ASTM D4052-22	778.1
Freezing Point	°C	-47.0 Max	ASTM D5972-23	-55.2

Corrosion	Scale	Limit	Method	Result
Freezing Point	1a better, 4c worse	1a	ASTM D130-19	1a

Thermal Stability, according JFTOT	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Control Temperature	°C	1a	ASTM D3241-20c	1a
Tube Deposit Rating	< 3	Less than 3. No rainbow or abnormal color deposits	ASTM D3241-20c	1
Filter Pressure Differential	mm/Hg	25 Max	ASTM D3241-20c	< 1

Conductivity	Units	Limit	Method	Result
Electrical Conductivity	pS/m	50 to 600	ASTM D2624-22	281
Conductivity Temperature	°C	Report	ASTM D2624-22	26.0

Lubricity	Units	Limit	Method	Result
BOCLE wear scar diameter	mm	0.85 Max	ASTM D5001-19e1	0.61
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